European Culture and Citizenship for Employement
"Deutschkenntnisse beeinflussen Suchintensität und Suchwege"Knowledge of German language influences on the intensity and ways of looking for job.
Migrants of the second generation speak German much often at home than migrants of the first generation. Unemployed persons who speak German at home try to look for a job more intensive. The German language skills play a significant role how often some ways of looking for a job will be undertaken. In case of good knowledge of language, the jobseekers read the advertisements in newspapers and are more likely to apply for a job; they can also search in Internet. Unemployed migrant women speaking predominantly a foreign language at home, search much less actively for a job than other unemployed. In the article are given statistic data on the various ways of looking for a job according to the knowledge and skills of using German language. see all document
"Für immer fremd"
Now in Germany there are many opportunities for migrants, ranging from German courses to different groups where people try to help migrants to be integrated. The possibilities of a successful integration were not better than now. New researches, however, show that this is not the case - a foreigner who comes to Germany, mostly remains a foreigner. Migrants live in parallel worlds in Germany. Because of demographic trends, Germany needs the offspring of immigrant families. Misguided integration may cost Germany each year up to 16 milliards euros. Studies have now investigated the effects from which countries people came to Germany. Relatively well-integrated are people from Poland, Russia, Kasachstan, Romania with German roots, in the second generation, they are often already integrated. Quite different situation we have with Turkish families, they are integrated the worst, often unemployed with poor schooling, 30% of children have not finished school. 50 years ago, the first guest workers from Turkey came to Germany - they did not want to be integrated, they wanted to make money and then return to their home countries - most of them did not return to Turkey, they still live in Germany in their own "Turkish world". Also in Germany, no one has thought of integration. Guest workers were brought in to work; it was thought that they go back to their country. Now the society and politics has to think about what they have done wrong in former time and what the solutions for integrating people in our society are. Now failures slowly worked up.
Ungenutzte Potentiale
Zur Lage der Integration in Deutschland
Von Franziska Woellert, Steffen Kröhnert, Lilli Sippel, Reiner KlingholzIntegration: Mixed performance record for Europe's number one immigration country
The Berlin Institute for Population and Development has developed an Integration Measurement Index (IMI) which was used to assess the integration performance of eight different immigrant groups. Based on 20 indicators for assimilation, education, working life, and social security, the IMI describes the situation of migrants as compared with the majority German population. In the present context, successful integration means that the living conditions of people with migration background grow more and more similar to those enjoyed by the native German population, in particular as regards equal opportunities and participation on equal terms. The migrants in Germany found, on average, to be best integrated are the roughly two million persons stemming from the other EU-25 countries (without southern Europe). Another group with good integration results are ethnic German immigrants (so-called Aussiedler), a group of some four million persons who have a right to immigrate and who presently constitute Germany's largest immigrant group. Immigrants from these two groups tend to have relatively high educational levels when they come to Germany, and they have relatively little trouble holding their own in the labour market.
One half of the 2.8 million ethnic Turks presently living in Germany were born in the country. However, this second generation has made little headway in overcoming the deficits typical of the first generation of - for the most part poorly educated - Turkish immigrants who came to the country during the period when Germany was actively recruiting "guest workers." To cite an example, even today ten percent of the 15- to 64-year-old ethnic Turks born in Germany have no educational qualification whatever - a figure seven times as high as that reported for the native German population in the same age class. These people are, accordingly, poorly integrated into the labour market.
Looked at in regional terms, integration tends generally to work out better in places where there is demand in the labour market for large numbers of workers. Conversely, integration problems tend to occur in places that are home to large numbers of low-skilled workers with migration background. This is the reason why the states of Hesse and Hamburg show relatively good results for integration, while the values found for the Saarland are particularly low. Looking at German cities, we find that Munich, Frankfurt/Main, Bonn, and Düsseldorf do quite well, while the most adverse conditions for migrants are found in Ruhr region cities like Duisburg or Dortmund as well as in Nuremberg. But in the regions with the best results, migrants are more than twice as likely to be unemployed as native Germans, and these persons are also more than two times more likely to be dependent on public social transfers.
Measures are urgently needed to improve the integration of the migrants living in Germany, but also to make Germany more attractive for the additional immigration it will need in connection with the ongoing process of demographic change. One crucial aspect here is targeted support for the education system. Additional measures are also needed to facilitate the efforts of migrants to access the German labour market as well as to acquire a secure legal status, including German citizenship.